Glossary Terms

Should-be process mapping

Process-mapping approach showing the design of a process the way it should be (e.g., without non-value-adding activities; with streamlined workflow and new solutions incorporated). Thus contrasts with the “As-Is” form of process mapping. See also Process Redesign, Value- Adding Activities; Non-Value-Adding Activities.

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SIPOC

Acronym for Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customer; enables an “at-a-glance,” high-level view of a process.

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Six Sigma or 6 Sigma

1. Level of process performance equivalent to producing only 3.4defects for every one million opportunities or operations. 2. Term used to describe Process Improvement initiatives using sigma-based process measures and/or striving for Six Sigma-level performance.

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Solution statement

A clear description of the proposed solution(s); used to evaluate and select the best solution to implement.

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SPC

Statistical Process Control is use of data gathering and analysis to monitor processes, identify performance issues, and determine variability/ capability. See also Run Charts; Control Charts.

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Special cause

Instance or event that impacts processes only under “special” circumstances -i.e., not part of the normal, daily operation of the process. See Common Cause; Variation.

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Sponsor (or Champion)

Person who represents team issues to senior management; gives final approval on team recommendations and supports those efforts with the Quality Council; facilitates obtaining of team resources as needed; helps Black Belt and team overcome obstacles; acts as a mentor for the Black Belt

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Storyboard

A pictorial display of all the components in the DMAIC process, used by the team to arrive at a solution; used in presentations to Sponsor, senior management, and others.

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Stratification

Looking at data in multiple layers of information such as what (types, complaints, etc.), when (month, day, year, etc.), where (region, city, state, etc.), and who (department, individual).

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Supplier

Any person or organization that feeds inputs (products, services, or information) into the process; in a service organization, many times the customer is also the supplier.

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Systematic sampling

Sampling method in which elements are selected from the population at a uniform interval (e.g., every half-hour, every twentieth item); this is recommended for many Six Sigma measurement activities.

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Upstream

Processes (tasks, activities) occurring prior to the task or activity in question.

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Value-adding activities

Steps/tasks in a process that meet all three criteria defining value as perceived by the external customer: 1) the customer cares; 2) the thing moving through the process changes; and 3) the step is done right the first time.

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Value-enabling activities

Steps/tasks in a process enabling work to move forward and add value to the customer but not meeting all three of the value-adding criteria; should still be scrutinized for time and best practices-can it be done better?

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Variation

Change or fluctuation of a specific characteristic which determines how stable or predictable the process may be; affected by environment, people, machinery/equipment, methods/procedures, measurements, and materials; any Process Improvement should reduce or eliminate variation. See also Common Cause; Special Cause.

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Voice of the Customer, or VOC

Data (complaints, surveys, comments, market research, etc.) representing the views/needs of a company’s customers; should be translated into measurable requirements for the process.

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X or Input

Variable used to signify factors or measures in the Input or Process segments of a business process or system.

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Y

Variable used to signify factors or measures at the Output of a business process or system. Equivalent to “results.” A key principle of Six Sigma is that Y is a function of upstream factors; or Y = f(x).

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Yield

Total number of units handled correctly through the process step(s).

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